lemmaroutine

Parity indicator as linear-coefficient h-expansion

Lemma·lem:rational-idempotent·§5.1 An integer polynomial for one equation

Statement (paper)

For every integer ℓ⩾1\ell\ge1, one can construct polynomials e0,…,eℓ−1∈Z[Y]e_0,\ldots,e_{\ell-1}\in\mathbb Z[Y], each of degree at most one, such that pℓ(Y)=∑j=0ℓ−1ej(Y)h(Y)j,pℓ(y)≡1{2∣y}(mod2ℓ)(y∈Z). p_\ell(Y)=\sum_{j=0}^{\ell-1}e_j(Y)h(Y)^j, \qquad p_\ell(y)\equiv\mathds{1}_{\{2\mid y\}}\pmod{2^\ell} \quad(y\in\mathbb Z). The coefficients of the eje_j have poly⁡(ℓ)\poly(\ell) bits, and the construction uses poly⁡(ℓ)\poly(\ell) bit operations and poly⁡(ℓ)\poly(\ell) bits of space.

In plain English

For every ℓ⩾1\ell\ge1 one can construct integer polynomials e0,…,eℓ−1e_0,\ldots,e_{\ell-1}, each of degree at most one, such that pℓ(Y)=∑j<ℓej(Y)h(Y)jp_\ell(Y)=\sum_{j<\ell}e_j(Y)h(Y)^j, where pℓ(y)≡1{2∣y}(mod2ℓ)p_\ell(y)\equiv\mathbb 1_{\{2\mid y\}}\pmod{2^\ell} for all integers yy. The eje_j have poly⁡(ℓ)\poly(\ell)-bit coefficients and are computed with poly⁡(ℓ)\poly(\ell) bit operations and space.

Why it's here

This rewrites the mod-2ℓ2^\ell parity indicator pℓp_\ell as a sum of powers of hh with only degree-at-most-one coefficients, which is the form later lemmas use when they substitute integers yiy_i and treat the powers of h(yi)h(y_i) as a polynomial in an auxiliary variable VV. The integrality, the bit-size bound, and the efficient construction all come from the repeated division by hh controlled by the height bound of Lemma B.1.
Classified routine:
This is Hensel-style lifting of the parity idempotent modulo 2^ℓ, written as a base-h(Y) expansion with linear digits (h presumably Y(Y-1) or similar) via repeated division by h. It follows directly from the height bound of Lemma B.1 and standard polynomial division.

Sources

PaperOpen
Section
§5.1 An integer polynomial for one equation
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Label
lem:rational-idempotent
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main_full_version.tex:2887
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